PECS focuses on communication that is relevant and motivating. Learners are taught to exchange pictures for things they want. For example, if they want a toy they will give that picture to another person who will then give them a toy. PECS teaches learners to initiate, as spontaneous communication is the goal. Using this ‘exchange’ format, skills that are critical to communication, such as spontaneously and independently approaching another person and interacting with them, are incorporated from the start.